Federalist 10

Q's:
1.) Why is it that the federalist papers 10 and 51 are so popular/relevant?
2.) Is it correct to say that James Madison is on of the most impressive and political writers of the young America?
3.) Is there really no way to take freedom of speech too far? Ex. speaking of a bomb in an airport...
4.) How much shorter could this document be if Madison was less concerned on the same issues/believes over and over again?
5.) Would a faction against the rights be like rascists? the KKK or Nazi's? is that what Madison was advising against?

Quotes:
1.) "omplaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty."
I think this is important because it shows how specifics such as mentioned above are things that may tend to upset individuals; enough so that they can complain about it and attempt to lobby for changes.  Also it further proves my point that you can never win in politics, one side is always upset and the other never quite satisfied.
2.By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community"
I brought this up again because I find it interesting that this article may have been writen way before the KKK (A faction against minorites) was developed.  I guess there really was not true protection of the minorities because the KKK remained to famous for too long to be executed against by federal government.
3.) "There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects."
This quote gives more detail on the previous one, so there was advision against these factions but there was never a real law that made them illegal?  What does the quote mean by mischief of a faction, does it mean this is how you find one or how you deal with one? The concept continues to confuse me.
4.) "The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended."
The ladder metaphor which is used in explaining the differences between the republicans and democrats is helpful because it points out how there is extended rule of the people with the one but lesser shorter span on the other.  But it also is confusing in the way that it doesn't exactly specifically distinguish between the 2.
5.) "A rage for paper money."
This quote stuck out to me because there is always a desire that holds superiority over other desires, for power.  Money, is the most commonly found and concrete object that can lead to power, so people always have their goals of making large amounts of it and holding it above other things in importance.  But paper money cannot just be printed without raising inflation, so is there any real shortcut to making it?